31 July 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mt. Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: July 6, 781).
Chris Uhlenbeck and Merel Molenaar.
30 July 762 – Baghdad is founded.
![Mary, Queen of Scots [VHS]](http://ws.amazon.com/widgets/q?MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL160_&ASIN=B00004REFE&tag=medienovel-20)
29 July 1565 – The widowed Mary Queen of Scots marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, Scotland.
with Vanessa Redgrave and Timothy Dalton.
28 July 1540 – Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
27 July 1549 – Jesuit priest Francis Xavier's ship reached Japan. 
26 July 1533 – Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire: Inca emperor Atahualpa is executed in Cajamarca by the garrote by Spanish invaders known as Conquistadors.
25 July 1261 – The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire. 
24 July 1487 – Citizens of Leeuwarden, Netherlands strike against ban on foreign beer.
23 July 1373 – Death of Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (b. 1303)
by Bridget Morris or go to YouTube.com andd watch movies about her ghost.
22 July 1484 – Battle of Lochmaben Fair – a 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.
21 July 1403 – Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England.
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20 July 1304 – Birth of Francesco Petrarch, Italian poet (d. 1374)
19 July 1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth. 
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18 July 1334 – The Bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
by Norbert Wolf.
17 July 924 – Death of King Edward the Elder of England. Edward was the eldest son of Alfred the Great and the brother of Aethelflaed, Lady of the Mercians.
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15 July 1240 – A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.
14 July 1223 – Death of King Philip Augustus II of France (b. 1165)